Sonication Per Se Is Not as Deleterious to Sperm Chromosomes as Previously Inferred1

Is ENS PER SE the Definition of Substance in Avicenna

Salivary flow rates, per se, may not serve as consistent predictors for dental caries

Background: This clinical study evaluated the effects of salivary flow rate, age, race, health status and medications on the incidence of caries. Methods: Caucasian and African-American men and women (n = 501), aged 22 93 years participated in the study. Stimulated (S) and unstimulated (U) parotid (P) and submandibular glands (SM) salivary secretions were collected. Stimulated whole saliva (SWS...

Counting Chromosomes: Not as Easy as 1, 2, 3

Mammalian cells must count their X chromosomes to determine whether to initiate X chromosome inactivation. A region that may be important for X chromosome counting has been identified, but the puzzle pieces still do not quite fit.

The unnatural history of tetralogy of Fallot: surgical repair is not as definitive as previously thought.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a complex congenital cardiac abnormality representing approximately 10% of all cardiac malformations. It has a pathophysiology characterised by a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) causing a right-to-left-shunt with low pulmonary blood flow and cyanosis. The extent of the RVOTO is highly variable and may include h...

Retrieval per se is not sufficient to trigger reconsolidation of human fear memory.

Ample evidence suggests that consolidated memories, upon their retrieval, enter a labile state, in which they might be susceptible to change. It has been proposed that memory labilization allows for the integration of relevant information in the established memory trace (memory updating). Memory labilization and reconsolidation do not necessarily occur when a memory is being reactivated, but on...